Linux最大线程数限制及当前线程数查询 1、总结系统限制有: /proc/sys/kernel/pid_max #查系统支持的最大线程数,一般会很大,相当于理论值 .../proc/sys/kernel/thread-max ...max_user_process(ulimit -u) #...
Linux最大线程数限制及当前线程数查询
1、总结系统限制有:
/proc/sys/kernel/pid_max #查系统支持的最大线程数,一般会很大,相当于理论值
/proc/sys/kernel/thread-max
max_user_process(ulimit -u) #系统限制某用户下最多可以运行多少进程或线程
/proc/sys/vm/max_map_count
硬件内存大小
2、Java虚拟机本身限制:
-Xms #intial java heap size
-Xmx #maximum java heap size
-Xss #the stack size for each thread
3、查询当前某程序的线程或进程数
pstree -p ps -e | grep java | awk '{print $1}'
| wc -l
或
pstree -p 3660 | wc -l
4、查询当前整个系统已用的线程或进程数
pstree -p | wc -l
1、 cat /proc/${pid}/status
2、pstree -p ${pid}
3、top -p ${pid} 再按H 或者直接输入 top -bH -d 3 -p ${pid}
top -H
手册中说:-H : Threads toggle
加上这个选项启动top,top一行显示一个线程。否则,它一行显示一个进程。
4、ps xH
手册中说:H Show threads as if they were processes
这样可以查看所有存在的线程。
5、ps -mp <PID>
手册中说:m Show threads after processes
这样可以查看一个进程起的线程数。
一台Java服务器能跑多少个线程?这个问题来自一次线上报警如下图,超过了我们的配置阈值。
图:京东自研UMP监控分析
打出jstack文件,通过IBM Thread and Monitor Dump Analyzer for Java工具查看如下:
图:IBM Thread and Monitor Dump Analyzer for Java
共计1661个线程,和监控数据得出的吻合。但这个数量应该是大了,我们都知道线程多了,就会有线程切换,带来性能开销。
当时就想到一台Java服务器到底可以跑多少个线程呢?跟什么有关系?现整理如下。
每个线程都有一个线程栈空间通过-Xss设置,查了一下我们服务器的关于jvm内存的配置
<table> <tbody> <tr style="border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important">
<td class="gutter" style="padding:20px 0px; line-height:1.6; font-family:'Lantinghei SC','Open Sans',Arial,'Hiragino Sans GB','Microsoft YaHei',微软雅黑,STHeiti,'WenQuanYi Micro Hei',SimSun,sans-serif; color:rgb(153,153,153); border-bottom-width:1px; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-color:rgb(231,231,231); margin:0px!important; font-size:1em!important; border-top-width:0px!important; border-right-width:0px!important; border-left-width:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important">
1
2
3
</td> <td class="code" style="padding:20px 0px; line-height:1.6; font-family:'Lantinghei SC','Open Sans',Arial,'Hiragino Sans GB','Microsoft YaHei',微软雅黑,STHeiti,'WenQuanYi Micro Hei',SimSun,sans-serif; color:rgb(153,153,153); border-bottom-width:1px; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-color:rgb(231,231,231); width:711px; margin:0px!important; font-size:1em!important; border-top-width:0px!important; border-right-width:0px!important; border-left-width:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important">
-Xms4096m
-Xmx4096m
-XX:MaxPermSize=1024m
</td> </tr> </tbody> </table>nn
只有这三个,并没有-Xss 和-XX:ThreadStackSize的配置,因此是走的默认值。
图:JVM的默认栈大小
可以通过如下命令打印输出默认值的大小,命令:
<table> <tbody> <tr style="border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important">
<td class="gutter" style="padding:20px 0px; line-height:1.6; font-family:'Lantinghei SC','Open Sans',Arial,'Hiragino Sans GB','Microsoft YaHei',微软雅黑,STHeiti,'WenQuanYi Micro Hei',SimSun,sans-serif; color:rgb(153,153,153); border-bottom-width:1px; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-color:rgb(231,231,231); margin:0px!important; font-size:1em!important; border-top-width:0px!important; border-right-width:0px!important; border-left-width:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important">
1
</td> <td class="code" style="padding:20px 0px; line-height:1.6; font-family:'Lantinghei SC','Open Sans',Arial,'Hiragino Sans GB','Microsoft YaHei',微软雅黑,STHeiti,'WenQuanYi Micro Hei',SimSun,sans-serif; color:rgb(153,153,153); border-bottom-width:1px; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-color:rgb(231,231,231); width:711px; margin:0px!important; font-size:1em!important; border-top-width:0px!important; border-right-width:0px!important; border-left-width:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important">
jinfo -flag ThreadStackSize
</td> </tr> </tbody> </table>nn
例如:
<table> <tbody> <tr style="border:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; line-height:1.1em!important; margin:0px!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; padding:0px!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; font-size:1em!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important">
<td class="gutter" style="padding:20px 0px; line-height:1.6; font-family:'Lantinghei SC','Open Sans',Arial,'Hiragino Sans GB','Microsoft YaHei',微软雅黑,STHeiti,'WenQuanYi Micro Hei',SimSun,sans-serif; color:rgb(153,153,153); border-bottom-width:1px; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-color:rgb(231,231,231); margin:0px!important; font-size:1em!important; border-top-width:0px!important; border-right-width:0px!important; border-left-width:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; width:auto!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important">
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</td> <td class="code" style="padding:20px 0px; line-height:1.6; font-family:'Lantinghei SC','Open Sans',Arial,'Hiragino Sans GB','Microsoft YaHei',微软雅黑,STHeiti,'WenQuanYi Micro Hei',SimSun,sans-serif; color:rgb(153,153,153); border-bottom-width:1px; border-bottom-style:solid; border-bottom-color:rgb(231,231,231); width:711px; margin:0px!important; font-size:1em!important; border-top-width:0px!important; border-right-width:0px!important; border-left-width:0px!important; bottom:auto!important; float:none!important; height:auto!important; left:auto!important; outline:0px!important; overflow:visible!important; position:static!important; right:auto!important; top:auto!important; vertical-align:baseline!important; min-height:auto!important; background:none!important">
[root@host-192-168-202-229 ~] #jinfo -flag ThreadStackSize 1807
-XX:ThreadStackSize=1024
</td> </tr> </tbody> </table>nn
不考虑系统限制,可以通过如下公式计算,得出最大线程数量。
线程数量 =(机器本身可用内存 - JVM分配的堆内存)/ Xss的值,比如我们的容器本身大小是8G,堆大小是4096M,-Xss默认值,可以得出最大线程数量:4096个。
根据计算公式,得出如下结论:
结论1:jvm堆越大,系统创建的线程数量越小。
结论2:当-Xss的值越小,可生成线程数量越多。
我们知道操作系统分配给每个进程的内存大小是有限制的,比如32位的Windows是2G。因此操作系统对一个进程下的线程数量是有限制的,不能无限的增多。经验值:3000-5000左右(我没有验证)。
刚才说的是不考虑系统限制的情况,那如果考虑系统限制呢,主要跟以下几个参数有关系:
/proc/sys/kernel/pid_max 增大,线程数量增大,pid_max有最高值,超过之后不再改变,而且32,64位也不一样
/proc/sys/kernel/thread-max 系统可以生成最大线程数量
max_user_process(ulimit -u)centos系统上才有,没有具体研究
/proc/sys/vm/max_map_count 增大,数量增多
线程是非常宝贵的资源,我们要严格控制线程的数量,像上面我们的截图情况,显然线程数量过多。这个是跟我们自己配置了fixed大小的线程池有关系。京东有自己的rpc框架jsf,里面可以针对每个服务端口设置线程大小。
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